# https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/82074/python-script-that-sets-target-vertex-group-for-object-constraint

import bpy


def index_of_closest_vertex(location, obj):

    verts = obj.data.vertices
    choice = 0
    wLoc = obj.matrix_world * verts[choice].co
    d = (location - wLoc).magnitude
    for i in range(1, len(verts)):
        vLoc = verts[i].co
        wLoc = obj.matrix_world * vLoc
        d2 = (location - wLoc).magnitude
        #print( [ location, wLoc, choice, d, d2])
        if d2<d:
            choice = i
            d = d2
    return choice

def create_per_vertex_vg(obj):

    nVerts = len(obj.data.vertices)
    for i in range(nVerts):
        vgname = "vg %d"%i
        vg = obj.vertex_groups.get(vgname)
        if vg is None:
            vg = obj.vertex_groups.new(vgname)
        else:
            vg.remove([ j for j in range(nVerts) if j!=i ] )
        vg.add([i], 1.0, 'REPLACE')
    #

def find_or_create_clc(obj):
    for cns in obj.constraints:
        if cns.type=="COPY_LOCATION":
            return cns
    return obj.constraints.new('COPY_LOCATION')

def vg_for_i(obj, vertIdx):
    for vg in obj.vertex_groups:
        try:
            if (vg.weight(vertIdx)>0):
                return vg
        except:
            pass
    return None

def set_constraint(src, tgt):
    """ put a copy_location constraint on tgt referencing the vertex group for the closest vertex"""

    i = index_of_closest_vertex(tgt.location, src)

    cns = find_or_create_clc(tgt)
    cns.target = src
    cns.subtarget = vg_for_i(src, i).name

#

def mission1():

    o1 = bpy.data.objects['Cube']
    create_per_vertex_vg(o1)

    knob = bpy.data.objects['Sphere']

    set_constraint(o1, knob)

#
#
#

mission1()